Here are a few clarifications and further thoughts arising out of my co-written Sunday NYT op-ed based on my forthcoming law review article (here, I speak only for myself, and not for my op-ed co-author).
First, as is usually the case with op-eds, we didn’t write, or even have any advance notice of, the headline. It’s easy to see why the Times chose it, as it’s clickbaity, but “Corporations, Please, Experiment On Us. You don’t even need our consent” is not very reflective of the nuances of our position. Now on to some of those nuances.
A Clarification About the Op-Ed’s Position on IRB Review and Debriefing
On Twitter, James Grimmelmann worries that New York Times readers will interpret one part of the op-ed, as he did, to be making a problematic claim. In the piece, we ask readers to imagine a hypothetical CEO who worries that some of her employees aren't taking optimal advantage of the company's generous 401(k) matching program. She has a hunch that adding to the usual matching letter information telling each employee what his or her similarly-aged peers are saving would nudge the low-savers to save more. We explain that the CEO could implement this peer information letter policy in the next enrollment cycle and observe the result, but that, regardless of whether savings went up or down, she'd never really know what effect, if any, the policy had without running a randomized, controlled experiment in which half the employees receive letters with no peer information and half receive letters with peer information. We also explain that telling employees in advance about that the company would be sending out different letters and why would badly bias the results by altering employees’ behavior. We then explain that our hypothetical CEO isn’t so hypothetical:
Economists do help corporations run such experiments, but many managers chafe at debriefing their employees afterward, fearing that they will be outraged that they were experimented on without their consent. A company’s unwillingness to debrief, in turn, can be a deal-breaker for the ethics boards that authorize research. So those C.E.O.s do what powerful people usually do: Pick the policy that their intuition tells them will work best, and apply it to everyone.
It is this paragraph that has James worried:
Your argument appears to run: (1) people will be outraged about being experimented on if they're debriefed; (2) managers "chafe" at de-briefing because of the outrage, (3) IRBs would require debriefing; so (4) it’s reasonable for companies not to go through IRBs at all [and to conduct the nonconsensual A/B test of 401(k) letters with no debriefing afterward].
(The above is three tweets strung together but otherwise verbatim; the bits in brackets are my words, but I think they fairly reflect James’s other tweets and the logic of his argument. I trust he’ll tell me if I’m wrong.)
To be clear: No, this is not the position we intended to take in the op-ed. I thank James for bringing this possible misreading to my attention so that I can correct it here, at least. More after the jump.
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