In writing Naming Gotham: The Villains, Rogues, and Heroes Behind New York Place Names I discovered that ran out of space long before I ran out of words. So, I have taken to blogging because there are more stories I want to tell. This is one of them. You can read about the book project here, and the next installment of this saga here.
If you drive up FDR Drive on your way to the George Washington Bridge, you will pass Macombs Dam Bridge (at one time there was an apostrophe--Macomb's Dam Bridge because it belonged to Robert Macomb--but the apostrophe was lost to history.) The current iteration of Macombs Dam Bridge is a swing bridge, built in 1896. At the time, it was the worlds heaviest movable object. It is also very beautiful (photo of Edward Hopper 1935 photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)
The story behind the bridge, like so much our our named New York infrastructure, is a window into history. Few New Yorkers have even heard of the Macomb family, or the outsized role they played in New York and United States history. While Naming Gotham goes into detail about Alexander Macomb Sr.'s shady financial dealings, and Alexander Macomb Jr.'s military exploits, today I want to talk about the youngest male member of the Macomb clan and his own special brand of sleaze. Maybe a better name would have been Macombs Damn Bridge
Meet Robert Macomb: Grifter Extraordinaire
Born in 1783, Robert Macomb was the youngest son of Alexander Macomb Sr., a Revolutionary war-profiter who made a fortune supplying the British forces in Ohio with food and arms. After the war, Alexander moved his family to New York City where he turned his talents for grift to land speculation. For a brief period Alexander owned most of the Adirondacks, and all of the Thousand Lakes, until his scheme with William Duer to corner the US debt market backfired, causing the Panic of 1792 and landing him in debtors prison.
Despite his father's drama, Robert grew up in the lap of post-revolution luxury. In fact, the Macomb family house became the first official residence for President George Washington. The family enslaved at least 12 Black people, making them the third-largest slaveholders in New York City.
Robert studied law at Columbia. Family political connections got him appointed clerk of the New York criminal court in 1811.
This involved first ousting the sitting clerk, John W. Wyman a move the New York Morning Post called “an instance of injustice and oppression scarcely paralleled in the annals of our state affairs.” (Robert Macomb painting by Edward Green Malbone, CCO, donated to Wikimedia Commons by the Metropolitan Museum of Art)
He didn’t last long in the job.
In 1817, the New York Evening Post published multiple articles accusing Robert of malfeasance, alleging that Robert was “prostituting” his office as clerk of court “to the vilest, meanest, most mercenary and even dishonest purposes.” Specifically, the paper alleged that Robert sold pardons to convicted criminals, and pocketed fines and bail money paid into the court. Robert brought a libel action and lost spectacularly—the paper’s editor easily persuading a jury to rule in his favor on the ground that that truth was an absolute defense to libel. (People v. William Coleman). Robert was forced to resign his post. Attempts to get him to pay back the money floundered, with the committee formed to recoup funds characterizing Robert as "shuffling and evasive."
Forced out of public service, Macomb turned his hand to industrial and land development. Most notably, he obtained legislative approval to build a dam across the Harlem River to power a grist mill his father had build and then lost in bankruptcy. Robert bought it at the Tontine House bankruptcy sale. Article II of the legislative act approving the dam expressly required "[t]hat said dam shall be made and built as to admit the passage of boats and vessels accustomed to navigating the same, by means of a good and sufficient lock, gate, or apron or other contrivance and the said Robert Macomb, his heirs and assigns, at his or their own expense, shall keep and provide a suitable person to attend the same, so that no unnecessary delay may happen to those who may have occasion to pass the same." Article III provided a fine of $5 per instance for every time someone incurred "unnecessary delay." And, he was denied permission to build a toll bridge atop the dam. Robert was never one to let a legal technicality (in this case an express limitation in his legislative deed) stop him from making a buck. So, he built Macombs Dam Bridge without a lock, low enough to block navigation, and then built a toll bridge anyway.
After all, when your father’s “mad speculation” caused the Panic of 1792, and you are continually overshadowed by your older brother’s military exploits that helped save the Republic, AND you’ve just been forced out of your cushy government job, why not build an illegal dam and then add an illegal toll bridge on top.
Ah New York . . . Lawyers deciding they are above the law. Real estate developers doing whatever they please, regardless of the public’s interest. Well-connected grifters leveraging old family ties into sinecures and then abusing their authority to line their pockets. Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose.
Next Installment—The Breaching of Macombs Dam Bridge—Enter Lewis Gouverneur Morris.
If you enjoy this kind of gossipy history, be sure to check out Naming Gotham!
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